![]() In 2010, the introduction of its zero-mode waveguide (ZMW) raised the bar for DNA sequencing methods. (PacBio) is the pioneer of third generation sequencing technology. Arguments are made that single molecule real-time (SMRT) sequencing technologies should be defined as the third generation (Heather and Chain, 2016). It is difficult to distinguish the third generation sequencing technologies from the second generation. Enter the third generation of DNA sequencing Other notable platforms that are based on different technologies are SOLiD system’s “sequencing-by-ligation” in 2007, and the Ion Torrent by Life Technologies in 2011 that uses “sequencing-by-synthesis” technology that detects hydrogen ions when new DNA is synthesised. When Illumina acquired the company Solexa in 2007, they set out to provide the most widely used NGS technology in the world and they are the NGS platform market leader to this day. ![]() In 1972, Walter Fiers was first to sequence the DNA of a complete gene (the gene encoding the coat protein of the bacteriophage MS2) by utilising RNAses to digest the virus RNA and isolate oligonucleotides, and then separating them via electrophoresis/chromatography (Declercq et al. In his Nobel Prize speech, he said, “without minimizing the pleasure of receiving awards and prizes, I think it is true that the greatest satisfaction for a scientist comes from carrying a major piece of research to a successful conclusion” (Holley, 1968). Eventually, in 1965, Robert Holley sequenced the first tRNA, for which he was awarded the Nobel Prize in 1986. After Watson, Crick and Franklin discovered the structure of the DNA in 1953, many attempts were made to sequence DNA. The progress from the first isolation of DNA by Friedrich Mietscher in 1869 to next generation sequencing (high-throughput sequencing) was the result of continuous efforts of the science community.
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